The Promise Of Politics - Arts and Humanities Assignment Help

Assignment Task:

What Is Politics? Politics is based on the fact of human plurality. God created man, but men are a human, earthly product, the product of human namre. Because philosophy and theology are always concerned with man, because all their pronouncements would he correct if there were only one or two men or only identical men, they have found no valid philosophical answer to the question: What is politics? Worse still, for all scientific thinking there is only man-in biology, or psychology, as in philosophy and theology, just as in zoology there is only the lion. Lions would be of concern only to lions. What is remarkable among all great thinkersis the difference in rank between their political philosophies and the rest of their works--even in Plato. Their politics never reaches the same depth. This lack of depth is nothing but a failure to sense the depths in which politics is anchored.

There are two good reasons why philosophy has never found a place where politics can take shape. The first is the assumption that there issomething political in man that belongs to his essence. This simply is not so; man is apolitical. Politics arises between and so quite outside of man. There is therefore no real political substance. Politics arises in what lies hetween men and is established as relationships. Hobbes understood this. The second is the monotheistic concept of God, in whose likeness man is said to have been created. On that basis, there can, of course, be only man, while men become a more or less successful repetition of the same. Man, created in the likeness of God's solitariness, lies at the basis of the Hobbesian "state of nature" as a "war of all against all." It is the war of rebellion of each against all the others, who are hated because they exist without meaning-without meaning for man created in the likeness of God's aloneness.

What Is the Meaning ofPolitics?

The answer to the question of the meaning of politics is so simple and so conclusive that one might think all other answers are utterly beside the point. The answer is: The meaning of politics is freedom. Its simpliciry and conclusive force lie not in the fact that it is as old as the question itself-which of course arises out of uncertainty and is inspired by mistrust-but in the existence of politics as such. Today this answer is in fact neither self-evident nor immediately plausible. This is apparent in the fact that the question nowadays is no longer one that simply asks about the meaning of politics, as people once did when politics first arose from experiences that were either of a nonpolitical or even an antipolitical nature. Our question nowadays arises out of the very real experiences we have had with politics; it is ignited by the disaster politics has wrought in our century and the still greater disaster that threatens to emerge from politics. Our question is thus far more radical, more aggressive, and more desperate: Does politics still have any meaning at all?

The Meaning ofPolitics Both the mistrust of politics and the question as to the meaning of politics are very old, as old as the tradition of political philosophy. They go back to Plato and perhaps even to Parmenides, and they arose out of the very real experiences that these philosophers had in the polis, which is to say, in an organizational form of human communal life that determined in such exemplary and definitive ways what we still understand by politics that even the word "politics" in all European languages is derived from the Greek polis.

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