Sleeping Hour Data 10.CSV Assignment

Assignment Task

Section 1

1. A researcher is interested in whether marital distress is different for husbands and wives. Both the husband and the wife report their marital distress levels in each family, respectively. Which analysis procedure is most appropriate for addressing this research scenario?

1. Paired-samples (dependent) t-test
2. Correlation
3. One sample t-test
4. Independent-samples t-test
5. ANOVA

2. Which of the following statements of statistical tests is NOT correct?

1. Paired-sample t tests and independent-sample t tests address the same research question (i.e., comparing two conditions) but handle different research designs
2. Paired-sample t-tests, independent-sample t-tests, and ANOVA investigate the relationship between one categorical independent variable and one numeric dependent variable.
3. In a between-group design with two groups, the only applicable statistical test among those covered in 100A is the independent-sample t-test.
4. When using a t-test, we use a t distribution instead of a normal distribution as the sampling distribution because we compute standard error as instead of

3. When the p value is larger than 0.05, which statement is correct?

1. We can accept the null hypothesis
2. The confidence interval does not cover the population value in the null hypothesis
3. The null hypothesis is plausible to be correct
4. The test is statistically significant
5. The study has a small effect size

4. In an independent-sample t-test, the alternative hypothesis is that the treatment group performs better than the control group. The t statistic is -2.1. With this one-tailed hypothesis, the p-value is 0.03. If we change the alternative hypothesis to state that the treatment group performs worse than the control group, what will the p-value be?

1. 03
2. 06
3. 97
4. 94
5. 015

5. A variable has a skewness of 1.2 and kurtosis is -2.3. What distribution shape best describes this variable?

1. Normally distributed
2. Positively skewed and too peaked
3. Negatively skewed and too peaked
4. Positively skewed and too flat
5. Negatively skewed and too flat

6. If we would like to measure the center of the distribution of a numeric variable, which of the following values can be a valid measure?

1. Mean and median
2. Mean, median, and mode
3. Mean and variance
4. Standard deviation and variance
5. Mean, median, mode, standard deviation, and variance

7. If we would like to study the distribution of a nominal variable, which of the following graph can be a valid measure?

1. Histogram
2. Density plot
3. Bar plot

8. The sample mean of the scale score is 29.4. What is the term for the difference between the sample mean (29.4) and the unknown population mean?

1. Margin of error
2. Standard error
3. Deviation score
4. Sampling error
5. Sample standard deviation

9. One participant’s depression score is 180. The sample mean of the depression score is 200. Which of the following terms best describes the difference between the values of 180 and 200?

1. Margin of error
2. Standard error
3. Deviation score
4. Sampling error
5. Sample standard deviation

10. I recruited 100 teenagers and measured their happiness levels. Another researcher recruited 200 teenagers and measured their happiness levels. Do the sample means from both studies come from the same sampling distribution?

1. No
2. Yes
3. We don’t know

Section 2 

Please use “sleeping hour data.csv”. One researcher claims that, on average, a US college student gets 7 hours of sleep per night. This researcher recruited 116 randomly selected US college students to test her statement. In the dataset, the “hours” variable indicates the number of hours of sleep per night. The researcher is interested in whether the population average hours of sleep is different from 7.

11. Please submit your jamovi dataset file with your analyses saved. 

12. Please compute the Z score of the “hours” variable and report the Z score of the first participant exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout (2 points). Interpret this Z score. 

13. Report the standard deviation of the “hours” variable exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout. Interpret this standard deviation value using your own words. 

14. Please define the estimate and parameter in this study (you do not need to actually calculate any numbers for this problem, just report the estimate and parameter of interest). 

15. Please report the skewness and kurtosis of the “hours” variable exactly as they appear on the jamovi printout.

16. Please perform the correct test and provide the t-statistic exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout.

17. Please interpret the t-statistic in Q11 using your own words.

18. Please provide the positive critical value exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout.

19. Please provide the confidence interval exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout. If you hand calculate the confidence interval you may have some rounding error. To avoid this please obtain the confidence interval directly from jamovi for this question.

20. How can this confidence interval be conceptually understood (i.e., what is its interpretation)?

21. Please provide an APA-style summary for your analysis results. Note that you should include the following results 1) descriptive statistics table, 2) t statistic, 3) degrees of freedom, 4) p value, and 5) confidence interval. You should also interpret your results (e.g. whether the result is significant; what the significant or nonsignificant result indicates). Please create the descriptive statistics table yourselves (e.g., using Word, Excel, etc.) instead of just copying and pasting the table from jamovi. Just listing your numeric results or pasting a screenshot of the jamovi output will lead to losing points.

Section 3

Please use “working enthusiasm.csv”.  A group of researchers conducted a randomized between-subjects experiment on whether employees who walk to workplaces have a different level of working enthusiasm compared to employees who drive to workplaces. They measured working enthusiasm using a survey with 20 Likert scale questions. The scale score of working enthusiasm (calculated by summing up the 20 questions) is recorded as the “enthusiasm” variable. There were 25 participants in the walking group and 34 participants in the driving group. In the “style” variable, 1 indicates walking to workplaces and 2 indicates driving to workplaces.

22. Please submit your jamovi dataset file with your analyses saved. 

23. Please describe the measurement scale for the variables in your dataset. List all variables and their measurement scales.

24. Why do we compute a scale score based on the 20 Likert scale questions instead of just using one Likert scale question?

25. Please perform the correct test and provide the t-statistic exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout. 

26. Please provide the standard error value related to the test in Q12 exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout. 

27. How can this standard error be conceptually understood? Use your own words to interpret the standard error in Q14. 

28. Please interpret the probability value (p value) for the test in Q7. I am not asking whether the result is significant or whether the p value is smaller than 0.05. My question is asking you to conceptually interpret this probability using your own words. 

29. What is the value of the effect size in this study? Provide the value exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout.

30. Based on the benchmarks for this type of effect size, is the effect size negligible, small, medium, or large.

31. Interpret the effect size in Q19. I am not asking whether the effect size is large. My question is asking you to conceptually interpret this effect size using your own words. 

Section 4

Please use “coffee mug.csv”.  A researcher was interested in whether the color of a coffee mug influences judgments about the coffee’s taste. She used a within-subjects design. 29 participants first used white coffee mugs and made judgments about the coffee’s taste. In the dataset, the taste ratings of using the white mugs were recorded in the “white” variable. One week later, the same participants used red coffee mugs and made judgments about the coffee’s taste again (the same type of coffee). In the dataset, the taste ratings of using the red mugs were recorded in the “red” variable. Judgments were made on a 1 to 7 Likert scale, with higher scores reflecting better taste.

32. Please submit your jamovi dataset file with your analyses saved. 

33. What is the null hypothesis for the analysis?

34. What is the alternative hypothesis for the analysis? Is it one-sided or two-sided?

35. Please explain the sampling distribution in this example.

36. Please perform the correct test and provide the t-statistic exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout. 

37. What is the value of the effect size in this study? Provide the value exactly as it appears on the jamovi printout.

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