The Potential of Energy Recovery From Anaerobic Digestion Landfill Gases - Engineering Assignment Help

Assignment Task

Task
The potential of energy recovery from anaerobic digestion landfill gases produced from municipal solid waste in Palestine.
Methodology
LFG GENERATION PROCESS
LFG is generated largely by bacterial decomposition of organic waste present in a solid waste landfill. LFG production in landfills involves three processes bacterial decomposition, chemical reactions and volatilization. Bacterial Decomposition is the major process in the production of LFG and entails the decomposition of organic waste by bacteria into various gaseous products and by-products. This first processes of LFG generation occurs in five phases shown in Fig. (Put the figure number).In Phase I aerobic bacteria decompose the long molecular chains of carbohydrates, protein and lipids found in the organic waste in the landfills in the presence of available oxygen, this phase can go on for days - months until the total oxygen is used up. The oxygen present result from the loose compaction of solid waste when buried. The end –products of this phase are CO2, heat and water. Nitrogen content is high but will continue to undergo decay as the phase continues. The decomposition process then continues to phase II which begins after the oxygen in the landfill is exhausted. In this anaerobic process, bacteria change the compounds from phase I process into acetic, lactic, formic acids and alcohols such as methanol and ethanol. This is a very acidic process; the acid present in the waste combines with moisture and makes certain nutrients to dissolve producing chemical compounds like nitrogen and phosphorus in the landfill. Carbon dioxide and hydrogen are then generated as end products, if the landfill is disturbed and air enters then phase II goes back to the phase I process.Phase III is mainly where the methanogens process starts. The anaerobic bacteria use the acid generated in phase II to form acetate. Furthermore, the methane producing bacteria begins to emerge. Acid manufacturing bacteria produce compounds for the methanogenic producing bacteria for use. At this phase hydrogen peaks, Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), Total Volatile Acid (TVA) concentration peaks as well in the concentration of the leachate. Phase IV is when the time for equilibrium has reached, making the production rate and composition constant. Approximately 45% - 60% methane, 40% - 60% CO2, and 2% - 9% of other gases are produced. This can go on for a period of 20 years after closure of landfill. Finally, the decomposition process reaches phase V in which most LFG emissions occur, the pressure in the landfill waste compartment is higher than pressure of the ambient atmosphere. 
    

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