Social and Economic Studies - The Lewis Model and Persons with Disabilities - Economics Assignment Help

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 SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC STUDIES 

a distribution which argues for the provision of primary goods adequate for realizing one's potential. Corbridge (2002) posits that Rawls asserts "none of us is the sole author of our fortunes or misfortunes. We are largely the accidental products of history and geography" (Corbridge 2002:187). Sen's expansion of real freedom is concerned with being sensitive to human differences in functioning, and the conditions shaping them, in contrast to the insensitive Libertarian ethic which staunchly defends that we are the unconstrained authors of our own fortunes. 

From as early as the 1950s Arthur Lewis contributed to the development debate and the historical context of growth, a word he used interchangeably with development?- Lewis (1955) was conscious however of the likely resistance to the pursuit of 'growth', and was willing to engage in a dialogue on what Findlay (1982) called the profound question: 'Is economic growth desirable?' Lewis was thus opening a space for critical commentary long before critiques of 'growth mania' became fashionable. However, as Lewis (1955) states, though economic growth had its costs, the advantage "is not that wealth increases happiness, but that it increases the range of human choice" (Lewis 1955: 420). Lewis posits also that economic growth "gives man greater control over his environment, and thereby increases his freedom".

The Lewis Model and Persons with Disabilities 

For Lewis then, macroeconomic success as measured by growth per se may not benefit the vulnerable and marginalized in society, and active steps should be taken to secure the well-being of the whole population. This is certainly in line with today's emphasis on holistic social policy for attaining "more equitable and socially sustainable development outcomes".3 However, Lewis (1955:423) was still of the view that "economic growth permits mankind to indulge in the luxury of greater humanitarianism." Lewis argues that at "the lowest levels of subsistence there is little to spare for those who cannot help themselves and the weakest must go to the wall" (ibid: 423). He further notes that as the surplus increases "men take increasing care of the leper, the mentally deranged, the crippled, the blind, and other victims of chance" (ibid). In other words, greater humanitarianism is displayed by societies towards "the sick, the incompetent, the unlucky, the widow and the orphan" where there are greater means rather than because of the existence of a more civilized, versus primitive, society. 

Though Lewis is not supportive of the 'survival of the fittest' attitude, or the eugenic interest of society, he does not foreground or privilege vulnerable groups' needs in his theory of economic growth. Harewood (1982) asserts that despite Lewis's general concern of unemployment and poverty, "the Lewis approach did not envisage a direct attack on these problems, but sought to effect See in this regard the World Bank's new thinking on social policy.

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