Medical and Surgical Care - Medical Science Assignment Help

Assignment Task

AQ1. Pneumonia is a lung infection that is caused by bacteria or virus, these build up reduces the effectiveness of alveoli. Pneumonia is a contagious but if necessary precautions taken we compare it. Five precautions to prevent pneumonia in health care settings can include the following:

1. Hand hygiene. Hand hygiene is an effective measure to prevent health care acquires infections. Use of hand rubs& hand washing techniques after touching patients& patients surrounding can lead to an overall reduction in health care acquired infection. Hand hygiene practices are very helpful in reducing colonization of infection by restricting the pathogen spread through hand touch. It is an effective primary approach in reducing the potential risk of transmission of infection. Thus it will further reduce the chances of multiplication.

2. PPE. Personal protective equipment’s like face mask, eye protection, gloves and gown while doing swetching& aspersion can be effective at reducing transmission of airborne pathogen that cause pneumonia.

3. Preventing cross-contamination. This can be carried out by following effective infection control and safety protocols. The use of personal protective gears while handling patients having active infection will also help in preventing cross-contamination and multiplication of infection from healthcare providers to the patients.

4. Good oral care to help avoid pneumonia, good oral hygiene is essential a toothbrush or antiseptic rinse should be used to clean the interior of the patient’s mouth on a frequent basis.

5. Promote patient education for required precautions. Patient’s education can be done to teach the gravity of infection and its pertaining Secondary complications. The patients can be taught to cover their nose while sneezing and coughing. The effective use of hand rubs should also be taught to prevent infection spread.

 

AQ2.

The patient can be managed with the following intervention:

1. Anti? inflammatory Drugs. This medication can be strong choice to reduce inflammation in the body. These medications also help in enabling short–term remission that can further prevent bleeding. This group of medication also Beneficial in reducing the colitis that can further help in promoting symptoms relief for the patients
2. Anti–diarrheal drugs. These medications also help in preventing mild to moderate diarrhoea by adding bulk to your stool. It is usually given as a supplement powder to ensure fast relief for the patients.
3. Vitamin and supplements. This can be done to help the patient with reducing fatigue and weakness it can be given along nutritional therapy to support the patient and promote early recovery.
4. Pain medication. This medication can also be given to the patient managing abdominal pain and preventing them from getting worse.

AQ3

(a) There is a direct link between diabetes and pressure ulcer. Diabetes in the chronic stage causes nerve damage and reduces circulation within the extremities. Due to poor sensation and circulation, there is marked necrosis of affected tissues in the closed vicinity and develop an ulcer in a slow and progressive manner

(b) The patient with diabetes ulcers can be managed with the following three interventions.

· Wound debridement. This will be helpful in removing the dead skin from the affected region. This is useful in promotion of wound healing along with enhanced cell proliferation.

· Off—loading the affected areas. This technique will be useful in taking off the additional pressure from the wound surface and promote healing

· Applying medication on the wound. Medication management will help in preventing the worsening of clinical symptoms for the patients. It will also help in preventing tissue necrosis and promote healing.

 

AQ4.

(a) This is mainly required for the purpose of consent be given to patient before commencing with the treatment it also allows the patients to have full autonomy in decisions making process regarding their clinical status it can also assist in building the therapeutic relationship with patients and gain their trust while managing care for them. It also assists in reducing ethical and legal complications that might arise due to conflict situation where patients are not informed effectively.

(b) These activities of daily living model assist in help monitoring the patient’s level of functioning and personal care management this can also include accessing the patient’s for recreation and social activities the preoperative can also include accessing the patient’s for their work environment which will be helpful in post preoperative care management some of the basic elements which can be covered under this assessment is functional mobility ,personal hygiene and care physical functions and communities integrations

 

AQ5.

The risk of the patient developing deep vein thrombosis after surgery can be significantly minimized with the help of following interventions:

1. Anti–coagulant therapy. These medication help in preventing chances of blood clots. This will also help in ensuring effective blood circulation in the lower extremities and will prevent blood clot formation.

2. Compression stocking. These are elastic stocking that fit around the legs. These stocking can help in promoting blood circulation towards the heart by keeping a viable pressure on the same. These stocking also help in preventing blood clot formation

3. Exercises, Simple in bed exercises can be taught to the patient that will help in promoting blood circulation in the lower extremities. Some of these exercises can include ankle toe pumping and heel slides which will keep the half muscles activated and promote backfilling to the heart.

4. Ambulation. Patient at risk should be assisted with ambulation effectively after surgery as per their perception of pain and discomfort. This will help in promoting blood circulation and preventing clot formation.

5. DVT Pumps. These pumps can be placed at the lower limbs. They will help in alternate inflation and deflation of the limb and promote rapid circulation in the close vicinity. With the promotion of gentle blood flow potential chances of clot formation can be significantly reduced for the patients.

 

AQ6.

Basic activities of daily living are quite essential to promote an independent state of living for the patients whereas instrumental activities of daily living model are more complex and are necessary as routine part of daily life. These activities help the person in getting back to their normal daily routine. It also helps in promoting in depending and motivation the patient to gain confidence and pride in them some of the examples of ADL include dressing, eating and toileting. Some of the examples of IADL’s include transportation, managing financial expenses and cooking or preparing meal for one own self.

 

AQ7.

(a) The nurse followed all steps to take wound swab effectively, however she did not wash her hands with alcohol –based hand rub. This is required to ensure that no cross—contamination occurs at wound site.

(b) Four main consequences due to poor swab collection method can include following:

1. Result can be obtained as false positive. It can hinder result obtained.

2. Risk of cross–contamination of infection rising significantly.

3. This can lead to false diagnoses for patient with wrongful medication management. This risk patient safety and effective clinical management.

4. Infection transmission to vulnerable tissue can also lead to the risk of the development of secondary complications.

 

AQ8.

Patient can educated for following considerations.

1. Medication for asthma should be taken on time to prevent aggravation of symptoms

2. The patient can be educated to stay away from allergies and exposure which can be harmful to his current conditions.

3. For a quick relief patient should carry an inhaler with them.

4. The patient should also be educated to keep up to date with his vaccination schedule.

5. Medication and reconciliation and regular follow-ups should also be advocated for the patient to ensure his well-being.

 

AQ9.

These issues can be solved by following methods.

1. The best approach is team approach the team member can assist the family members by taking accountability for their action.

2. Effective reporting to the consent higher authority should also be done which will help with documenting the details to take necessary actions

3. The designated authority should be summoned to take the necessary actions and enable resolve to patient concerns this will assist in timely prevention of possible Conflict

4. Patients and their family members should be provided with reassuring for quality and safe care management

 

AQ10.

The best way to assess the patient is through pain measuring scale which means pain measuring is a scale to detect the pain the patient is suffering from 0–10, 0 means no pain, 5 means moderate pain, and 10 means high pain. In this method we will get an idea of pain level for patient. The pain level reported by patient will help in deciding the acute or chronic management for pain as per intensity noted for patient.

 

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